Sustainable adsorption method for the remediation of malachite green dye using nutraceutical industrial fenugreek seed spent

Abstract Nutraceutical industrial fenugreek seed spent (NIFGS), a relatively low-cost material abundantly available with nearly negligible toxicity for the bioremediation of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous media, is reported. Studies on various parameters affecting adsorption capacity NIFGS were carried out to evaluate kinetics and equilibrium thermodynamics. All experiments designed at about pH 7. The isotherm model proposed by Langmuir fits better than Freundlich model. Kinetic study data confirms viability pseudo-second-order Calculated thermodynamic factors suggest that phenomenon endothermic, almost instantaneous, physical in nature.